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According to Dr. Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Tú from the Gastroenterology & Hepatology at K���� (HFH), most people experience discomfort from heartburn and acid reflux after eating. Many assume this is simply due to overeating or consuming oily foods. However, these symptoms may indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)—a common digestive disorder with an increasing prevalence. If left undiagnosed and untreated, GERD can lead to severe complications, including an elevated risk of esophageal cancer.

Common Symptoms of GERD:

• Heartburn and acid reflux, sometimes accompanied by difficulty swallowing
• Nausea, vomiting, or hiccups
• Bloating and early satiety
• Burning sensation in the chest and throat
• Sour or bitter taste in the mouth, bad breath
• Persistent cough, wheezing

At the Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department of HFH, patients undergo a comprehensive evaluation to determine the specific causes of GERD, which may include:

• Hiatal hernia – When the upper part of the stomach moves into the chest cavity, reducing lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and increasing reflux risk.
• Weak or dysfunctional LES – The LES is a muscle that controls the opening between the esophagus and stomach. If it weakens or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus.
• Obesity – Increased abdominal pressure can push acid into the esophagus.
• Pregnancy – Hormonal changes and uterine pressure contribute to acid reflux.
• Unhealthy diet – Consuming processed foods, high-fat meals, or eating large or late-night meals.
• Lifestyle habits – Smoking, alcohol consumption, and spicy food intake.
• Certain medications – Including anti-inflammatory pain relievers and antidepressants.
• Stress, depression, or anxiety

Dr. Tú emphasizes that GERD can be managed and prevented through lifestyle adjustments, risk factor reduction, and early detection. Failure to treat GERD can lead to serious complications, including:

• Esophagitis – Frequent acid exposure can inflame the esophageal lining, leading to ulcers, bleeding, scarring, and esophageal narrowing, making swallowing difficult.
• Esophageal Stricture – Scar tissue from chronic reflux can narrow the esophagus, causing food obstruction. High-risk individuals include smokers, alcohol drinkers, and those with diabetes.
• Barrett’s Esophagus – A condition in which the esophageal lining undergoes cellular changes, increasing the risk of esophageal cancer. Barrett’s esophagus often has no noticeable symptoms and can only be detected via endoscopy.
• Esophageal Cancer – One of the most severe complications of GERD, commonly affecting individuals over 50. Warning signs include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unexplained weight loss, and persistent hoarseness.
• Respiratory Issues – Acid aspiration into the respiratory tract can cause throat infections, bronchitis, or pneumonia, often manifesting as chronic cough, wheezing, and hoarseness.

K���� provides comprehensive screening and treatment for digestive and hepatobiliary diseases with:

• A team of internationally trained gastroenterologists and hepatologists
• State-of-the-art medical technology, including the Olympus EVIS EXERA III CV 190 HQ endoscopy system (capable of magnification, NBI imaging, PAS and HE staining, and biopsy), MRI (1.5 Tesla version), and advanced laboratory tests based on WHO recommendations
• A high-standard endoscopy unit ensuring optimal infection control
• Personalized treatment plans with multidisciplinary consultation when necessary
• Dedicated monitoring facilities, ensuring absolute safety and comfort for patients before, during, and after procedures
• Treatment protocols aligned with the latest guidelines from WHO, the World Gastroenterology Organization, and the Vietnam Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

For more information, contact us via hotline at 024 3577 1100, our Facebook page “K����,” or Zalo: .